The straightforward reading of the narrative indicates that Yisrael turned away from Edom because of the threat, "You shall not pass through me, lest I come against you with the sword.” In Sefer Devarim, on the other hand, there is no mention of the threat. The encounter ends with the threat of war and Yisrael turns away to circumvent, There is no explicit mention of this divine decree in. We are nonetheless left with an uneasy feeling, especially in light of the discrepancies we noted concerning the appointment of the judges. In addition, Moshe enlists Edom, Amon and Moav, all who receive sections of the land promised to Avraham, and who succeeded in conquering those lands from giants in a miraculous way. They must understand that Hashem does battle for Yisrael. Torat means "the torah of" (torah usually meaning the religious teachings of). Zikhron torat Moshe. Meaning, until now I was not granted permission to prophesy. Parshat Va’Etchanan (Shabbat Nachamu) Dvarim 3:23 – 7:11 16 Av 5772 / August 3 – 4, 2012. Moses ben Josef Pigo. According to Moshe's version, the initiative to send the spies came from the people, while Parashat Shelach begins with the divine imperative to send meraglim. Let me pass through your land, I will go along by the highway, I will turn neither right nor left. Let us begin with a more basic question; what was Moshe’s agenda in recording this section? Preface to the Series . Marc B. Shapiro. It was not only the prophets who received their prophecy from Sinai but also all the sages that arose in every generation. When we listen to Moshe's version of past events, do we expect no more than a factual survey? Therefore, in response to the people's fear, Moshe inserts his declaration, which was originally pronounced at the time of kriat Yam Suf "Hashem … yilachem lakhem" (Devarim 1:30). 00:21:07; Parashat Tetsavé Les larmes du Baal Chem Tov. In this week’s portion Moshe refuses to leave Egypt without every man, woman, child, goat, and sheep that was part of the Israelite family. Moshe sends the following message to the king of Edom: "Thus says your brother Yisrael: 'You know all the travail that has befallen us. The impression is that Edom (the children of Esav) agreed to the request. The Mind of the Torah by . This further explains the kabbalistic practice of having 12 challot on Shabbat, connecting between … As the children of Esav that dwell in Se'ir and the Moavites that dwell in Ar did unto me, until I shall pass over the Yarden into the land which Hashem our God gives us" (2:27-29). This is the deeper meaning of the mitzva of eating on Shabbat. According to this approach, Moshe's account of the meraglim, as well as his record of the interaction with the surrounding nations, share a common denominator. The Torah is telling us that, in Moshe… However, in Devarim, Moshe doesn't mention the seventy elders. What is the meaning of this? Unlike Pharaoh – whose sole duty was to be born into this world – Moshe had to struggle and strive every moment to maintain his personal Madrega – his own level, his lofty standards, both as a leader of his people, and as a person working hard at his relationship with G-d. . This is the source of the divine decree prohibiting Yisrael from inheriting any of their lands. This is a series of books about decoding the Torah. Terminology. R’ Moshe Isserles z”l (“Rema”; 1525-1572) authored a lengthy work containing philosophical and ethical lessons that are derived from the structure of the Bet Hamikdash and the laws of the korbanot. Moshe places Yisrael at the center; according to his version, it is the people who ask for the meraglim, as opposed to Parashat Shelach where the Hashem commands to send the meraglim. Moshe's account goes to the real heart of the issue. Abaye said: This was only taught regarding the section of curses in Sefer Vayikra, but it is permitted to stop while reading the curses in Sefer Devarim. Sefer Devarim contains the parting speeches delivered by Moshe to Benei Yisrael. Perhaps details that seem to be at odds with the original description are actually arrows pointing in the direction of Moshe's interpretation. 00:34:50; Parashat Ki Tissa Le médicament de toutes nos souffrances. Let us begin with a more basic question; what was Moshe’s agenda in recording this section? A Torah center dedicated to providing education, inspiration, and practical help to Jews and non-Jews in keeping the eternal Torah Commandments of HaShem, the One True G-d, according to His Will: the authentic halakhah according to Mishneh Torah by Rav Moshe Ben … Moshe appeals to feelings of brotherhood and sympathy, but all his overtures are rejected. Therefore the ultimate source is Hashem, not Moshe. Might this message be embedded in the tension between the original description and Moshe's version? Moshe Rabbeinu, at the end of the Torah, is given the special honor of having his birthday recorded, as well as the day of his death. Therefore, he focuses on Yisrael, not the meraglim. This is the Torah which was dictated by God. These two alternatives of explaining “Mishneh Torah” are noted by Rashi regarding the mitzva that a king write a mishneh Torah (17:18): "Two Torah scrolls … However Onkelos translated as 'patshegen.' In the last post I wrote: “R. Continued from here 1. Halal ( / həˈlɑːl /; Arabic: حلال ‎, ḥalāl; also spelled halaal) is an Arabic word that translates to "permissible or lawful" into English. From their perspective, the “opinion” of the meraglim should have been totally irrelevant. Shiurim are geared toward learners of all levels who would like to participate in the two-year Nach Yomi study cycle. It is the central and most important document of Judaism revered by Jews through the ages. Parashat Shelach records the facts; in reality, some of the meraglim claimed that Canaan could not be conquered, while Calev and Yehoshua argued with them. However, when comparing Moshe's version, with the Torah's original description, we are confronted with a number of troubling discrepancies. Rabbi Steinman and the Messiah, part 3. You shall not fear them; for Hashem … nilcham lakhem'" (3:21-22). Yisrael still didn't believe that Hashem would battle for them. Independently, Moshe told the people what would happen to them if they violated the mitzvot. Moshe suggests that it is the people who refuse to enter Canaan after hearing the positive report of the meraglim, while in the original account, the meraglim are actively involved in dissuading the people. Torah is a Hebrew word meaning “teaching”, “instruction” or “law”. Consider the following Gemara in Megila (31b): One does not stop while reading the section of the curses … How should this be accomplished? Footer: Sitemap for navigation. The Old Testament is the first section of the Bible, covering the creation of Earth through Noah and the flood, Moses and more, finishing with the Jews being expelled to Babylon. Perhaps we should pay special attention to nuances and details that differ from the original, in attempt to discover what Moshe had added. The first section, ... enjoys the status of Torat Hashem. The Law of Moses or Torah of Moses (Hebrew: תֹּורַת מֹשֶׁה ‎, Copyright © 1997 - 2021 by Yeshivat Har Etzion, Yeshivat Har Etzion and the Gush Etzion Community share in mourning, **********************************************************************, תפריט ניווט ראשי עברית ואנגלית, *******************************************************, contains the parting speeches delivered by Moshe to. Let us briefly consider Moshe's account of the meraglim. In his introduction to Sefer Devarim, the Ramban writes: "This sefer, whose idea is known that it is Mishneh Torah, in which Moshe our teacher will explain most of the mitzvot necessary for Yisrael to the generation entering the land.”, Accordingly, the term “Mishneh Torah” in this context is not based on the word “sheni,” “two,” indicating repetition. The meraglim have already been punished. According to the Ramban (2:10), Edom, Amon and Moav all received their portions as part of the land promised to Avraham. Paradoxically, the fact that inaccuracies occur so consistently, directs us towards a possible solution. The commentators suggested various ways of unifying these two seemingly disparate versions. See more ideas about office interior design, office interiors, office design. The people must be aware that victory against the Canaanites is not a function of military prowess. The establishment of the court system refers to a different incident recorded at the beginning of parashat Yitro. Torat Moshe. Moses ben Josef Pigo. Rather it is derived from the term “shinun,” which means to study (similar to the term “mishna”). In fact, Moshe records the following message that he sent to Sichon: "Let me pass through your land, I will go along by the highway, I will turn neither right nor left. Nevertheless, Tosafot must admit that ruach ha-kodesh lacks the clarity usually associated with Moshe's unique prophecy. He interpreted 'mishneh' as shinun and speech.”. The encounter ends with the threat of war and Yisrael turns away to circumvent Edom. Moreover, Moshe places special stress on the fact that Edom, Amon and Moav conquered their respective countries from giants. He then shows how this factor was primary regarding various fraternal nations that attained their portions in the inheritance Avraham. The entire nation was aware of the inaccuracy of Moshe’s version. How did. In addition, it enables alumni to maintain a … But why does Moshe, who is most modest, erase the counter arguments of Calev and Yehoshua and record himself as the one trying to convince the people? As we noted, in Sefer Bamidbar the confrontation with Edom concludes with a refusal to let Yisrael pass through: “You shall not pass through me, lest I come against you with the sword" (Bamidbar 20:18). Each one received that which is his from Sinai. Why is the Old Testament in the Bible? It is also known as Torat Moshe, the Law of Moses. How did Benei Yisrael, some of whom were old enough to remember the original events, react to Moshe's speech? There is no explicit mention of this divine decree in Sefer Bamidbar. "Thus says your brother Yisrael: 'You know all the travail that has befallen us. Perhaps, Moshe is trying to separate the factual aspect of the report of the, records the facts; in reality, some of the. There is another possible meaning of the word nisayon – to make great. (We will b"n expound on this idea in our shiur on Parashat Shoftim). How our fathers went down into Egypt … behold, we are in Kadesh, a city on your outer border. How are we to relate to this strange historical 'mix-up'? Perhaps, Moshe is trying to separate the factual aspect of the report of the meraglim from their editorial. As such, the Malbim explains, all of the subsequent prophets had but one purpose to encourage loyalty to Moses Torah (Torat Moshe). In this week’s parsha Moshe orates on his inability to be the leader of the people in the land of Israel. Hayyim Soloveitchik is reported to have said that if the messianic era will bring even one Jewish death, then he doesn’t want it, and if we had a choice in the matter the halakhah would require us to reject the Messiah in such a circumstance.” The meaning of “Torah” is often ... Torat Moshe), also called the Mosaic Law, primarily refers to the Torah or the first five books of the Hebrew Bible. Zikhron torat Moshe. Moshe begins with the journey from Har Sinai. Regarding the facts, the meraglim reported that the land was good and then added their opinion that Yisrael would not be able to conquer the land. Tosafot modifies this statement and adds that Moshe’s version of the curses is based on ruach ha-kodesh (divine inspiration). In the original account, the meraglim themselves were actively involved in spreading fear amongst the people, which eventually led to their refusal to continue. CLARK: Your Honor, as usual Mr. Bailey overstates the case. After all "you know and you have heard, who can stand up to giants" (9:2). However, Yisrael is prevented from conquering Edom because of a divine decree. Torat Moishe - Moishe's Torah Monday, July 30, 2012. Oct 6, 2018 - Explore Daniel Singer's board "Torat moshe" on Pinterest. The presence of Jews in Bratislava is first mentioned during in the 13th century, but it seems that a Jewish community in this location predates the documentary evidence. New Sephardic Community in FTL2490 GRIFFIN CALL FOR MORE INFO 786.306.8212 The gemara asserts that Moshe did not receive the curses in Sefer Devarim from Hashem. Thirty eight years later, Moshe is addressing the people in preparation of their entry into Canaan. (See Bamidbar chapter 32). It is written in Hebrew, the oldest Jewish language. Moshe . I present a methodology that elucidates this process and show how it provides a powerful tool to probe the subconscious. Just a few months earlier, when the tribes of Gad and Reuven requested portions to the East of the Yarden, Moshe placed the blame on the meraglim themselves in order to warn Gad and Reuven not to repeat the error of the meraglim. meaning of our phrase, “no prophet is permitted to create a new matter from this point forward.” He opines that “aleh hamitzvot” connotes “these and no others,” and adds, “our . The tradition holds that Moses was the stenographer, if you will, the amanuensis, the copyist. In Moshe's account, there are cordial commercial relations between Yisrael and Edom. Rabbi Moshe Elefant. According to Moshe, he personally tried to convince the people that with the help of Hashem, Canaan can be conquered. User- … The Oral Torah. Moshe sums up his major point in the closing verses of the parasha: "And I commanded Yehoshua at that time saying 'You have seen with your own eyes all that Hashem your God did to these two kings. Some commentators have explained that this is similarly the meaning of nisayon in our context. What did they think when Moshe delivered his “distorted” address? Instead, Yisrael purchase food and drink from these nations. In Parashat Devarim, Yisrael are prevented from attacking Edom, Amon and Moav due to a divine decree; Hashem awarded a specific inheritance to these nations, which Yisrael is barred from. Torat Haim est le site internet des cours de Torah donnés par le Rav David Touitou . 113 were here. In the original account, only the counter-arguments of Yehoshua and Calev are recorded. This is its meaning in the pasuk describing the purpose of Matan Torah as, “In order nesot you” (Shemot 20:17). The word halal in Arabic. From here it is clear that Moshe focuses on different perspectives as the educational need varies. हलाल : (अरबी: حلال ḥalāl, "अनुमेय"), जिसे हल्लाल या हलाल भी कहा जाता है, पारंपरिक इस्लामी कानून में अनुमत या वैध है। यह अनुमत भोजन और पेय पर अक्सर लागू होता है। He is our teacher our Rabbi; his account of past events contains a religious message for the future. And Edom said to him: 'You shall not pass through me, lest I come against you with the sword' " (Bamidbar 20:14-18). It is instructive to read Moshe’s previous account of the meraglim. Therefore emphasis is placed on Edom's refusal. The Meaning of Mishneh Torah . This opinion is valid only if the battle for Canaan is to be based upon military prowess. The Torah of Moses and his prophesy is true, blessed for eternity be His name.] It says in a beraita: When one begins, he should start with the pasuk before and when one ends, he should end with the pasuk following. In Parashat Chukat, the Torah records the encounter with Edom. It is also called the Law of Moses (Torat Moshe). Constantinople : Moshe Parnass, 1552. However, in essence this was not an internal debate among the meraglim; it is a religious debate that has nothing to do with having been a spy. :ÇüóM^''Õ±ãu%m½/)&¦¦‘”–‡ˆÜ1¥!€Bþв° ®á¼~+^Tö$Ý6‚d¡ÄZfnUJÕ2‹ d¶ÆfTõj%2²½°…ЀE:à7„”²-HÖÒÍÎþÐ>ʂwÜt M™\Xº)^$›9zmۜö‹6]¹…™&Œðªv ^ÑÐ燻®¢ž…¨h7BÿÏ\$\Ÿ\å"Cu2ñâ©`›"Vptcm59‹°NÔzÍὯ©KvzѺÇk“øʹŭÃ1¢Á2’Œ/Ë»H2ÕÈúB[HšH¬‚jÝÊ,2…?ºùU–¢ However, after yetziat Mitzrayim, Yisrael should have realized that they have nothing to fear, for Hashem will battle for them as He did at Yam Suf. On the one hand, he uses the paradigm of the battles of Sichon and Og to prove that "Hashem … nilcham lakhem." Thus, we are drawing His presence from “His place,” a state of hiddenness, into our reality. Pour l élévation de l âme de Jacques ben Hava zal. This is a clear reference to the incident that followed kivrot hata'ava, three days after leaving Har Sinai, when Moshe complained that he felt inadequate to deal with the entire nation: "I am not able to bear all this people alone, because it is too difficult for me" (Bamidbar 11:14). Penn Libraries; Hours; Library locations ; Spaces; Workshops; Give; Footer: Penn Libraries contact info. He must ensure that Yisrael do not fail again. Main content. Armed with this insight, let us continue. Using the Torah as a model, I examine how the mind constructs language. Sefer Devarim begins: "Beyond the Yarden, in the land of Moav, Moshe took upon himself to interpret this Torah, saying" (1:5). When Moshe begins to review Yisrael's travels in the wilderness, was he teaching them history? Perhaps that is how Yisrael reacted to the “inaccuracies” of Moshe's account. Yitro noticed that Moshe was overworked and that the people's needs were not adequately addressed. Here again we are faced with significant discrepancies. This is a clear reference to, "I am not able to bear all this people alone, because it is too difficult for me" (. It says in a, The gemara asserts that Moshe did not receive the curses in, If Moshe is not repeating the Torah, but rather interpreting and explaining it, how are we to approach a halakhic section in, What can we learn from the fact that Moshe imported the appointment of judges from, Let us briefly consider Moshe's account of the, But why does Moshe, who is most modest, erase the counter arguments of Calev and Yehoshua and record himself as the one trying to convince the people? If Moshe is not repeating the Torah, but rather interpreting and explaining it, how are we to approach a halakhic section in Devarim that seems repetitive? Moshe is known as Moshe Rabbeinu. What are we supposed to learn from this revision? What is the reason? Moshe’s agenda seems clear. In Sefer Bamidbar, the Torah describes the confrontation with Edom as one of the detours forcing Yisrael to head back towards Mitzrayim before heading on to Canaan (see the shiur on Parashat Chukat). The parasha ends with Moshe’s account of the interaction with various nations. Unusual detail is used in describing the dimensions of Og. Section 4. The counter argument to this is Moshe, the ten plagues and specifically kriat Yam Suf, when Moshe declared "Hashem yilachem lakhem" (Hashem will battle for you - Shemot 14:14). By slightly changing certain historical facts, Moshe was able to highlight deeper truths. The fact that they had actually been to Canaan and seen the fortified cities and giants is meaningless. He presents the episode of the meraglim in a way that highlights this issue as the main point of contention. In the Quran, the word halal is contrasted with haram (forbidden). ½ïD=ï©È¾–Ìí>ÂsèŸH0˜âv“jßÉJʾ2‹]«ìWoÔhæFœôU„§šz½vBÄr¸¼ØMÃïü”«]‰ã&ªƒ0:„§³dZVq¾•d.TÛÂ]éÔӘק¤RÉŸ¦ƒa’Kr. These [of Sefer Vayikra] … Moshe said directly from the Omnipotent, while these [of Sefer Devarim] … Moshe said mipi atzmo (by himself). Pour l élévation de l âme de Ménahem ben Asher Geribi zal. Welcome to Yeshivas Toras Moshe The Ner Michoel website provides users with access to thousands of shiurim on many topics. The Ran in Megila explains; that although Moshe was the source of much of Sefer Devarim, Hashem subsequently commanded that these words of Moshe be included in the Torah. He therefore suggested the establishment of the court system (see Shemot 18). Moshe then describes the victorious battles against Sichon and Og. Sefer Devarim contains the parting speeches delivered by Moshe to Benei Yisrael. So will Hashem do to all the kingdoms that you are going to. Don't fear them for Hashem your God, Hu nilacham lakhem (He battles for you).". Not only are the curses of Devarim the words of Moshe, but most of the sefer is a record of speeches that Moshe gave mipi atzmo. He records his sense of inability to lead the people by himself: And I spoke unto you at that time, saying: 'I am not able to bear you alone' " (1:9). Collectively these laws, usually called biblical law or commandments, are sometimes referred to as the Law of Moses (Torat Moshe תּוֹרַת־מֹשֶׁה ‎), Mosaic Law, or Sinaitic Law. Often, the Pentateuch is referred to as "Torat Moshe" the torah of Moses, simply because of his centrality in bringing the Torah to the Jewish people. In both, Moshe tries to instill within the people a deep conviction that is critical for successfully settling Canaan. The Hebrew word for “blessed” also means to “draw down.”. The Meaning of Words; Section 4 Section 4. Parashat Ki Tissa Le Baal Chem Tov explique Moshe face à Ashem l élévation de l’âme de Hana bât Freha zal. The “distortions” appear to fit into a pattern and therefore should not be viewed as haphazard memory lapses, but rather as intentional deviations. This is Torat Moshe, the Bible of Moses. Rabbi Moshe Elefant is Chief Operating Officer of OU Kosher and the maggid shiur of the Orthodox Union’s Daf Yomi webcast (whose 1,800 learners a day around the globe make his lectures the most popular Daf in the world). As opposed to the previous examples, in this case we are dealing with an event that took place a few months before Moshe’s speech. Social media. Moshe reviews the history of Yisrael in the midbar and describes it in a fashion that calls attention to this basic truth. You shall sell me food for money, that I may eat and give me water for money, that I may drink; only let me pass through on my feet. One does not stop while reading the section of the curses … How should this be accomplished? Prague, 1623. According to the Ramban, this indicates that the victories of Edom, Amon and Moav were achieved in a miraculous fashion. Thus, by definition, they could neither add nor subtract [from the Torah]. Moshe begins with the journey from Har Sinai. Moshe continues to describe the cheit ha-meraglim. Moshe appeals to feelings of brotherhood and sympathy, but all his overtures are rejected. The meaning of the word is therefore "teaching", "doctrine", or "instruction"; the commonly accepted "law" gives a wrong impression. He records his sense of inability to lead the people by himself: "And I spoke unto you at that time, saying: 'I am not able to bear you alone' " (1:9). 11:14). The sefer begins: "These are the words which Moshe spoke unto all Yisrael" (1:1). He concludes that just as Edom, Amon and Moav succeeded in defeating the giants, in order to receive the inheritance of Avraham, so will Yisrael do with respect to its land (2:12). The reason being is that every single being has a role to play in the great festival that the Israelites want to celebrate in the desert. How are we to relate to this strange historical 'mix-up'? It was at that point that Yisrael witnessed the victory of Hashem, the warrior (Shemot 15:3) and believed in Hashem and His servant Moshe (Shemot 14:31). Therefore, Moshe must instill within the people awareness of Hashem Yilachem lakhem. Instead, he describes the establishment of a hierarchal court system, with judges responsible respectively for one thousand, one hundred, fifty and ten. He concludes with the battle against Sichon and Og and sums up the message: "And I commanded Yehoshua at that time, saying: 'Your eyes have seen all that Hashem your God has done to these two kings; so shall Hashem do to all the kingdoms where you go. In response, Hashem tells Moshe to gather seventy elders to receive the divine spirit and subsequently join Moshe in bearing the burden of the nation. What are we supposed to think when studying it? Perhaps Moshe is trying to tell us that setting up a judicial system is a prerequisite to settling Eretz Yisrael. After the account of the meraglim, Moshe recalls the interaction with various surrounding nations - Edom, Moav, Amon and the two Emorite kings, Sichon and Og. The Sacrifice of Moishe by Zvi Bellin, MHHQ. Even though Sefer Devarim is titled Mishneh Torah, it is not a repetition of Torah, but rather an interpretation. The Sacrifice of Moishe Posted by Zvi Bellin, Ph.D. at 11:23 AM. Let us pass through your land; we will not pass through field nor vineyard, neither will we drink of the water of the wells; we will go along the main highway, we will not veer to the right nor to the left, until we have passed your border.' In response, Hashem tells Moshe to gather seventy elders to receive the divine spirit and subsequently join Moshe in bearing the burden of the nation. The first section, known as the historical speech, reviews various events that occurred during the forty years in the wilderness, with an eye on preparing Yisrael to enter the land of Canaan. III. It is the Torah that introduces Moshe's speech: "These are the words which Moshe spoke" and therefore Sefer Devarim, which contains the words of Moshe, enjoys the status of Torat Hashem. The Torah is the first section or first five books of the Jewish bible. It is used as a visual marker for Muslims in restaurants, shops and on products. Torat Imecha Nach Yomi In this new Nach series, women scholars will deliver a daily shiur on the books of Prophets (Nevi’im) and Writings (Ketuvim) at the pace of a chapter a day. However, in Devarim, Moshe is preparing the people for the battle for Eretz Yisrael. According to the Ramban (2:10), According to this approach, Moshe's account of the, SALT - Surf a Little Torah - Weekly Files, Fundamental Issues in the Study of Tanakh, Ein Ya'akov: The World of Talmudic Aggada, Avodat Hashem - Foundations of Divine Service, Bein Adam Le-chavero: Ethics of Interpersonal Conduct, Jewish Political Theory - Hilkhot Melakhim, Moreinu veRabbeinu Harav Yehuda Amital zt"l, Moreinu veRabbeinu Harav Aharon Lichtenstein zt"l, Halakhic Essays of Harav Aharon Lichtenstein zt"l, Before Sinai: Jewish Values and Jewish Laws, The Structure and Meaning of the Daily Prayer, Understanding the Practice and Meaning of Halakha, The Meaning of the Yom Kippur Sacrificial Service, Halakhot of the Yom Kippur Sacrificial Service, The Meaning of Sukka and the Four Species, Source Sheets for Shavuot5775 Torah Study, Alei Etzion 12 - In memory of our talmid Yaakov Matanky z"l, Alei Etzion 13 - In memory of our talmid Yoni Jesner z"l, Alei Etzion 17 - Dedicated by the Gelman Family in loving memory of Rabbi Aaron S. Gelman z"l, Alei Etzion 18 - Dedicated in loving memory of Faye and Leon Kronitz z"l, Lea Steinlauf z"l, Thomas David Spitzer z"l, Rav Amital: Vision, Integrity and Courage, Rechov HaYeshiva 1, Alon Shevut, Gush Etzion 9043300. "And never did another prophet arise in Yisrael that Hashem addressed face to face" (Devarim 34:10). Therefore, Moshe describes proper fraternal relations between Yisrael and Edom, Amon and Moav; he ignores the differences and tensions in order to focus on the common past. Trans lation from The Standard Prayer book by Simeon Singer (1915) (public domain) [Thes e are the thirteen fundament als (of Jewish faith), they are the foundatio n of the religion of God and His faithful. Even the smallest discrepancy was noted as a point that had to be studied.