All children were more likely to have positive results for TST than for IGRA (OR 2.92, 95% CI 2.37–3.59). Healthcare-Associated Legionnaires’ Disease, Europe, 2008−2017. SARS-CoV-2 Exposure in Escaped Mink, Utah, USA. Kawashima T, Nomura S, Tanoue Y, et al. Use of US Public Health Travel Restrictions during COVID-19 Outbreak on Diamond Princess Ship, Japan, February–April 2020. Transmission chains were mapped through patient history and knowledge of contact with prior cases. Gigliucci F, van Hoek A, Chiani P, Knijn A, Minelli F, Scavia G, et al. In August 2018, a fatal autochthonous case of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever was confirmed in western Spain. Aspergillus fumigatus was identified in 80.3% of patient cultures, 4 of which were azole-resistant. We conducted prospective population-based genomic surveillance in 3 cities along Brazil’s central western border from 2014–2017. Expansion of quinolone-resistant Neisseria meningitidis clone ChinaCC4821-R1-C/B from sequence type (ST) 4821 clonal complex (CC4821) caused a serogroup shift from serogroup A to serogroup C invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in China. Gouvea-Reis FA, Oliveira PD, Silva D, Borja LS, Percio J, Souza FS, et al. Cook A, Janse S, Watson JR, Erdem G. Manifestations of Toxic Shock Syndrome in Children, Columbus, Ohio, USA, 2010–2017. To characterize the epidemiology of skin and soft tissue (SST) and disseminated extrapulmonary infections caused by NTM in the United States, we used a large electronic health record database to examine clinical, demographic, and laboratory data for hospitalized patients with NTM isolated from extrapulmonary sources during 2009–2014. We focused on time to diagnosis, exposure activities, and exposure location. Saving Lives, Protecting People, Prevalence and Clinical Profile of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection among Farmworkers, California, June–November 2020, Novel Mutation of SARS-CoV-2, Vietnam, July 2020, Intersecting Paths of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Last Issue - Volume 27, Number 2—February 2021, Parallels and Mutual Lessons in Tuberculosis and COVID-19 Transmission, Prevention, and Control, Genomic Evidence of In-Flight Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Despite Predeparture Testing, Systematic Review of Pooling Sputum as an Efficient Method for Xpert MTB/RIF Tuberculosis Testing during the COVID-19 Pandemic, Evaluation of National Event-Based Surveillance, Nigeria, 2016–2018, Use of US Public Health Travel Restrictions during COVID-19 Outbreak on Diamond Princess Ship, Japan, February–April 2020, Decentralized Care for Rifampin-Resistant Tuberculosis, Western Cape, South Africa, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Seropositivity among Healthcare Personnel in Hospitals and Nursing Homes, Rhode Island, USA, July–August 2020, Population-Based Geospatial and Molecular Epidemiologic Study of Tuberculosis Transmission Dynamics, Botswana, 2012–2016, Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection in Children during the First 6 Years of Life, Finland, Excess All-Cause Deaths during Coronavirus Disease Pandemic, Japan, January–May 2020, Foodborne Origin and Local and Global Spread of, Extrapulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infections in Hospitalized Patients, United States, 2009–2014, Epidemiology and Clinical Course of First Wave Coronavirus Disease Cases, Faroe Islands, Effectiveness of Preventive Therapy for Persons Exposed at Home to Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Karachi, Pakistan, Decline of Tuberculosis Burden in Vietnam Measured by Consecutive National Surveys, 2007–2017, Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in First Responders and Public Safety Personnel, New York City, New York, USA, May–July 2020, Daily Forecasting of Regional Epidemics of Coronavirus Disease with Bayesian Uncertainty Quantification, United States, Local and Travel-Associated Transmission of Tuberculosis at Central Western Border of Brazil, 2014–2017, Bedaquiline as Treatment for Disseminated Nontuberculous, Implementation of an Animal Sporotrichosis Surveillance and Control Program, Southeastern Brazil, Human Infection with Eurasian Avian-Like Swine Influenza A(H1N1) Virus, the Netherlands, September 2019, Antibody Responses 8 Months after Asymptomatic or Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Addressing Reemergence of Diphtheria among Adolescents through Program Integration in India, Familial Clusters of Coronavirus Disease in 10 Prefectures, Japan, February−May 2020, COVID-19 Outbreak in a Large Penitentiary Complex, April–June 2020, Brazil, Lung Pathology of Mutually Exclusive Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and, Trends in Untreated Tuberculosis in Large Municipalities, Brazil, 2008–2017, Validity of Diagnosis Code–Based Claims to Identify Pulmonary NTM Disease in Bronchiectasis Patients, Autochthonous Case of Pulmonary Histoplasmosis, Switzerland, SARS-CoV-2 Exposure in Escaped Mink, Utah, USA, Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Pet Ring-Tailed Lemur, Madagascar, Local Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Lineage B.1.1.7, Brazil, December 2020, Bats and Viruses: Current Research and Future Trends, Animal Reservoirs and Hosts for Emerging Alphacoronaviruses and Betacoronaviruses, Reemergence of Human Monkeypox and Declining Population Immunity in the Context of Urbanization, Nigeria, 2017–2020, Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission among Meat Processing Workers in Nebraska, USA, and Effectiveness of Risk Mitigation Measures, Difficulties in Differentiating Coronaviruses from Subcellular Structures in Human Tissues by Electron Microscopy, Epidemiologic and Genomic Reidentification of Yaws, Liberia, Dynamic Public Perceptions of the Coronavirus Disease Crisis, the Netherlands, 2020, COVID-19–Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis, March–August 2020, Genomic Surveillance of a Globally Circulating Distinct Group W Clonal Complex 11 Meningococcal Variant, New Zealand, 2013–2018, Histopathological Characterization of Cases of Spontaneous Fatal Feline Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome, Japan, Evolution of Sequence Type 4821 Clonal Complex Hyperinvasive and Quinolone-Resistant Meningococci, Improving Treatment and Outcomes for Melioidosis in Children, Northern Cambodia, 2009–2018, Characteristics and Risk Factors of Hospitalized and Nonhospitalized COVID-19 Patients, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, March–April 2020, Rare Norovirus GIV Foodborne Outbreak, Wisconsin, USA, Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Complex Alphavirus in Bats, French Guiana, Post-Vaccination COVID-19 among Healthcare Workers, Israel, SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity among US Marine Recruits Attending Basic Training, United States, Spring–Fall 2020, High Case-Fatality Rate for Human Anthrax, Northern Ghana, 2005–2016, Genomic Analysis of Novel Poxvirus Brazilian Porcupinepox Virus, Brazil, 2019, Surveillance of COVID-19–Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children, South Korea, Fatal Case of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Caused by Reassortant Virus, Spain, 2018, Stability of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Nonsupplemented Saliva, Increasing SARS-CoV-2 Testing Capacity with Pooled Saliva Samples, Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 N-Antibody Response in Healthcare Workers, London, UK, Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Clade 2.3.4.4 Subtype H5N6 Viruses Isolated from Wild Whooper Swans, Mongolia, 2020, Low-Level Middle East Respiratory Coronavirus Syndrome among Camel Handlers, Kenya, 2019, Emergence and Polyclonal Dissemination of OXA-244–Producing, Analysis of Asymptomatic and Presymptomatic Transmission in SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak, Germany, 2020, Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus in Mexican Wolf Pups at Zoo, Michigan, USA, Genomic Characterizations of Clade III Lineage of, Increased Likelihood of Detecting Ebola Virus RNA in Semen by Using Sample Pelleting, Experimental SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Bank Voles, Inguinal Ulceroglandular Tularemia Caused by, Risk for Fomite-Mediated Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Child Daycares, Schools, Nursing Homes, and Offices, Novel SARS-CoV-2 Variant Identified in Travelers from Brazil to Japan, Imported SARS-COV-2 Variant P.1 Detected in Traveler Returning from Brazil to Italy, Rapid Spread and Control of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in COVID-19 Patient Care Units, Tula Virus as Causative Agent of Hantavirus Disease in Immunocompetent Person, Germany, Co-infection with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus and, An Interesting and Horribly Wondrous Sight, Upper Respiratory Infections in Schools and Childcare Centers Reopening after COVID-19 Dismissals, Hong Kong, Genomic Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection Involving E484K Spike Mutation, Brazil, Zika Virus–Associated Birth Defects, Costa Rica, 2016–2018, Invasive Fusariosis in Nonneutropenic Patients, Spain, 2000–2015, Rising Ethnic Inequalities in Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease, New Zealand, 2000–2018, Tuberculosis among Children and Adolescents at HIV Treatment Centers in Sub-Saharan Africa, Clinical and Multimodal Imaging Findings and Risk Factors for Ocular Involvement in a Presumed Waterborne Toxoplasmosis Outbreak, Brazil, Phage-Mediated Immune Evasion and Transmission of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant, Healthcare-Associated Legionnaires’ Disease, Europe, 2008−2017, Lessons Learned from a Decade of Investigations of Shiga Toxin–Producing, Q Fever Osteoarticular Infection in Children, Tuberculosis in Internationally Displaced Children Resettling in Harris County, Texas, USA, 2010–2015, Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease among Physicians, Germany, 1993–2018, Rickettsioses as Major Etiologies of Unrecognized Acute Febrile Illness, Sabah, East Malaysia, Atypical Manifestations of Cat-Scratch Disease, United States, 2005–2014, Statin Use and Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Persons ≥ 65 Years of Age, Taiwan, Manifestations of Toxic Shock Syndrome in Children, Columbus, Ohio, USA, 2010–2017, Blastomycosis in Minnesota, USA, 1999–2018, Preventive Therapy for At-Home Exposure to Drug-Resistant TB, Pakistan, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Hopewell PC, Reichman LB, Castro KG. These data show that the quinolone-resistant clone ChinaCC4821-R1-C/B has expanded to other countries. Emerg Infect Dis. Beauté, J., Plachouras, D., Sandin, S., Giesecke, J., & Sparén, P. (2020). Tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by the gram-negative coccobacillus Francisella tularensis, a Biosafety Level 3 pathogen and potential agent of bioterrorism. We describe a novel pertussis isolate-based surveillance system and a core genome multilocus sequence typing scheme to assess Bordetella pertussis genetic variability and investigate the increased incidence of pertussis in Austria. Lamb GS, Cruz AT, Camp EA, et al. Superspreading was evident during the epidemic because most secondary cases were attributed to just 3 infectors. In this column, after a background introduction, we will first discuss IEEE 802.1AR standard on secure device identity. We analyzed 2 clusters of cases with epidemiologic links and used genomic analysis to identify previously unassociated cases. Gouvea-Reis FA, Oliveira PD, Silva D, et al. In attempts to attribute pathology of COVID-19 patients directly to tissue damage caused by SARS-CoV-2, investigators have inaccurately reported subcellular structures, including coated vesicles, multivesicular bodies, and vesiculating rough endoplasmic reticulum, as coronavirus particles. Nguyen, H., Nguyen, H., Nguyen, N., Cobelens, F., Finlay, A., Dao, C....Tiemersma, E. (2021). Strysko J, Cope JR, Martin H, et al. Discordant test results were common (20%) and most often were TST+/IGRA– (95.0%), likely because of bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination. Bedaquiline as Treatment for Disseminated Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infection in 2 Patients Co-Infected with HIV. Five patients had recurrences during follow-up, a rate of 22% per person-year. Eid al-Fitr is a time of official receptions and private visits, when friends greet one another, presents are given, new clothes are worn, and the graves of relatives are visited. Infection with Mycobacterium avium complex was more common among patients with concurrent HIV and fungal infection, a relevant finding because treatment is more effective for M. avium complex than for other NTM infections. We analyzed data from 7 integrated pediatric HIV/TB centers in 6 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Ricotta, E. E., Adjemian, J., Blakney, R. A., Lai, Y., Kadri, S. S., & Prevots, D. (2021). Outdoor activities and soil exposure were reported by many patients, but no specific activity or exposure was common to most. To further delineate extent, we enrolled patients >4 weeks of age with nonmalarial AFI in Sabah, Malaysia, during 2013–2015. Ocular (48.7%), hepatosplenic (24.6%), and neurologic (13.8%) manifestations were most common among patients. Population-Based Geospatial and Molecular Epidemiologic Study of Tuberculosis Transmission Dynamics, Botswana, 2012–2016. Emerg Infect Dis. Swadi T, Geoghegan JL, Devine T, et al. Emerg Infect Dis. Hermann P, Treig J, Unkel S, Goebel S, Bunck T, Jünemann M, et al. Mahajan M. Etymologia: Histoplasma capsulatum. Dabaja-Younis H, Meir M, Ilivizki A, Militianu D, Eidelman M, Kassis I, et al. Once everyone has returned to their mosque or outdoor gathering spot on the first day of Eid, there's a short sermon, typically given by an imam, and then all men and women perform the obligatory Eid prayer. A cumulative sum test showed an increase in reported physicians over time. Maboni, G., Elbert, J. We investigated the clinical outcomes and molecular mechanisms of fluconazole-resistant (FR) Candida glabrata bloodstream infections. Results are searchable and sortable. (2021). Emerg Infect Dis. We recommend reverse zoonosis prevention and determination of whether lemurs are able to maintain M. tuberculosis infection. Genomic surveillance is an essential part of effective disease control, enabling identification of emerging and expanding strains and monitoring of subsequent interventions. These cases caused inadvertent exposure among laboratory personnel. Plasmodium ovale wallikeri and P. ovale curtisi Infections and Diagnostic Approaches to Imported Malaria, France, 2013–2018. 2021;27(3):779-788. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2703.203482. The Egyptian police have arrested at least 18 people this week, after they were allegedly involved in sectarian clashes between Christians and Muslims in Minya district in the Nile Delta region. Data for 2017–2018 indicated an increased rate of physicians among all notified sCJD cases (5/239 [2.1%]) when we used the total population of Germany as control group. 2020;26(5):866-875. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2605.191074. 2021;27(3):932-935. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2703.200182. Bennett, J., Zhang, J., Leung, W., Jack, S., Oliver, J., Webb, R....Baker, M. G. (2021). 2021;27(3):894-904. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2703.201783. Of 172 participants, TB occurred in 2 persons over 336 person-years of observation. Find articles on specific topics such as Ebola, Zika, and Influenza. Nguyen H, Nguyen H, Nguyen N, Cobelens F, Finlay A, Dao C, et al. We also found a potential association between hospitalization and high hemoglobin A1c levels in persons with diabetes. Hewitt, D. (2021). Wu B, Tong X, He H, et al. There are two such Eid in Islam. Eid means to celebrate and Adha refers to sacrifice so Eid-ul-Adha is also known as the festival of sacrifice in which Muslims sacrifice a domestic animal that is a cow, sheep, goat, or camel in one of the three days of Eid-ul-Adha for the sake of Allah Almighty. Emerg Infect Dis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We observed that these claims have moderate validity, but given their low sensitivity, incidence might be underestimated. Data on Kingella infective endocarditis (KIE) in children are scarce. Emerg Infect Dis. Plasmodium ovale wallikeri and P. ovale curtisi Infections and Diagnostic Approaches to Imported Malaria, France, 2013–2018. Eid al-Adha is the second major Muslim festival after Eid al-Fitr, which marks the end of Ramadan, the month of fasting. HCA LD is associated with specific patient demographics, causative strains, and outcomes. Four-sample pools averaged 91% sensitivity with Xpert MTB/RIF (2 studies) and 98% with Ultra (2 studies); combining >4 samples resulted in lower sensitivity. Antibody Responses 8 Months after Asymptomatic or Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Pérez-Nadales, E., Alastruey-Izquierdo, A., Linares-Sicilia, M., Soto-Debrán, J., Abdala, E., García-Rodríguez, J....Nucci, M. (2021). We report a zoonotic infection of a pig farmer in the Netherlands with a Eurasian avian-like swine influenza A(H1N1) virus that was also detected in the farmed pigs. Although seroprevalence of Middle East respiratory coronavirus syndrome is high among camels in Africa, researchers have not detected zoonotic transmission in Kenya. By contrast, TarP did not seem to influence household transmission of LA-MRSA. Emerg Infect Dis. A Suggested Global Islamic Calendar. Trends in Untreated Tuberculosis in Large Municipalities, Brazil, 2008–2017. Emerg Infect Dis. Joste V, Bailly J, Hubert V, et al. We conducted a 3-year prospective study on a cohort of 52 patients from this outbreak, collected clinical and multimodal imaging findings, and determined risk factors for ocular involvement. Kawashima T, Nomura S, Tanoue Y, Yoneoka D, Eguchi A, Ng C, et al. Bennett J, Zhang J, Leung W, Jack S, Oliver J, Webb R, et al. We observed 22.1% (1,514/6,864) positivity for SARS-CoV-2 infection among farmworkers compared with 17.2% (1,255/7,305) among other adults from the same communities (risk ratio 1.29, 95% CI 1.20–1.37). Eid is c onsidered as a very happy day in Islam. Diagnosis usually requires use of newer diagnostic modalities. Favorable TB outcomes were associated with increased time in care and early ART initiation, whereas severe immunosuppression was associated with death. To assess possible points of infection, we analyzed information about their journeys, disease progression, and virus genomic data. Strange Case of a Sojourn in Saranac. Reporting gaps appear attributable to challenging epidemiology and low disease awareness. Local Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Lineage B.1.1.7, Brazil, December 2020. Emerg Infect Dis. For 64 patients with FR bloodstream infection isolates, the 30-day mortality rate was 60.9% and the 90-day mortality rate 78.2%; these rates were significantly higher than in patients with fluconazole-susceptible dose-dependent isolates (30-day mortality rate 36.4%, 90-day mortality rate 43.8%; p<0.05). Among patients, persons >40 years of age had 5 times the risk for ocular involvement. A high index of suspicion is encouraged in cases of an unusual manifestation, prolonged course, relapsing symptoms, nonresolving or slowly resolving osteomyelitis, culture-negative osteomyelitis, or bone histopathology demonstrating granulomatous changes. Decline of Tuberculosis Burden in Vietnam Measured by Consecutive National Surveys, 2007–2017. 2020;26(6):1077-1083. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2606.190783. Miyahara, R., Tsuchiya, N., Yasuda, I., Ko, Y. K., Furuse, Y., Sando, E....Oshitani, H. (2021). Most isolates were from lineage 2 (n = 482; 83.2%). Ramadan is the holy month of fasting for Muslim. Monitoring children for >1 year can increase identification of ZIKV-associated abnormalities in addition to microcephaly. We conducted a retrospective observational study to characterize the epidemiology of IF in 18 Spanish hospitals during 2000–2015. Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) can acquire phage-encoded immune modulators, such as the immune evasion cluster (IEC), which protects bacteria from components of the human innate immune system, and the enzyme TarP, which protects against antibody-mediated immune recognition. Sami S, Akinbami LJ, Petersen LR, et al. We describe rapid spread of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria among patients in dedicated coronavirus disease care units in a hospital in Maryland, USA, during May–June 2020. Continued surveillance of swine influenza A viruses is needed for risk assessment in humans and swine. Unsupervised classification of spatially referenced case finding data indicated that yaws was more likely to occur in hard-to-reach communities; healthcare-seeking was low among communities, and clinical awareness of yaws was low among healthcare workers. Epidemiology and Clinical Course of First Wave Coronavirus Disease Cases, Faroe Islands. Miyahara R, Tsuchiya N, Yasuda I, Ko YK, Furuse Y, Sando E, et al. These meningococci clustered into 4 sublineages (1–4); sublineage 1 primarily comprised of IMD isolates (41/50, 82%). Overall seropositivity among 9,863 healthcare personnel was 4.6% (95% CI 4.2%–5.0%) but varied 4-fold between hospital personnel (3.1%, 95% CI 2.7%–3.5%) and nursing home personnel (13.1%, 95% CI 11.5%–14.9%). Large-scale testing and thorough contact tracing were implemented early on, along with lockdown measures. We surveyed availability of phenotypic drug susceptibility testing for drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Europe. Randad PR, Larsen J, Kaya H, et al. We found that fomites might be a substantial source of transmission risk, particularly in schools and child daycares. Three Arab Israeli men living in the northern Israeli city of Tayibe were indicted Thursday for carrying out an arson attack in the name of the Islamic State terror group and attempting to dig a smuggling tunnel to the West Bank, officials said. Familial Clusters of Coronavirus Disease in 10 Prefectures, Japan, February−May 2020.